TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL (READING) DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

By YULI ROSA RITA -
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        READING TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA            Madison Square Garden,a world-famous sporting venue in Newyork City,has actually been a series of buildings in varied locations rather than a single building in one spot.In 1873,P.T.Barnum built Barnum's Monster Classical and Geological Hippodrome at the corner of Madison Avenue and 26th Street,across from Madison Square Park.Two years later,bandleader Patrick Gilmore bought the property,added statues and fountains,and renamed it Gilmore's Gardens.When Cornelius Vanderbilt bought the property in 1879,it was renamed Madison Square Garden.          A second very lavish Madison Square Garden was built at the same location in 1890,with a ballroom,a restaurant,a theater,a rooftop garden,and a main arena with seating for 15000.However,this elaborate Madison Square Garden lasted only until 1924,when it was torn down to make way for a forty-story skyscraper.          When the second Madison Square Garden ha
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TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL(READING)

By YULI ROSA RITA -

         The livinghood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms.This interdependence is sometimes subtle,sometimes obvious.Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites ,orgasms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them.The parasitic way of life is widespread.A multitude of microorganisms(including viruses and bacteria)and an army of invertebrates-or creatures lacking a spnal column(including crustaceans,insects,and many different types of worms)-make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.In the face of this onslaught,living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.

        Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics onto their external environment.These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area,thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients.The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms.For example,when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria,many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.

        Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of devense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.Although these mechanisms very considerably,all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of"foreign"cells.In fact,throughtout the animal kingdom,from sponges to certain types of worms,shellfish,and all vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column),there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.

        The ability to distinguish between"self"and"nonself",while present in all animals,is most efficient among vertebrates,which have developed an immune system as rheir defense nechanism.The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tisssues that are treated as foreign cells.


1.What does the passsage mainly discuss?

a.how parasites reproduce

b.how organisms react to invaders

c.how antibiotics work to cure disease

d.how the immune systems of vertebrates developed

2.The word'intricate"in line 1 is closest in meaning to

a.diffult

b.widespread

c.critical

d.complex

3.The expression'an army"in line 6 is closest in meaning to

a.an illness

b.an attack

c.a large number

d.a distinct type

4.According to the passage,some organisms produc antibiotics in order to

a.prevent disease in humans

b.aid digestion

c.fight off other organisms

d.create new types of nutrients

5.The word"vary"in line 19 is closest in meaning to

a.differ

b.endure

c.balance

d.contribute

6.The word'they"in line 23 refers to 

a.sponges,worms and shellfish

b.vertebrates

c.individuals

d.transplants

7.According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue

a.becoming a parasite

b.being treated as an invender

c.altering its genetic makeup

d.developing a new immune system

8.According tp the passage,the ability to distinguish between 'self'and"nonself"enables vertebrates to

a.accept transplanted cells

b.detect and react to invasion

c.weaken their immune system

d.get rid of antibiotics

9.All of the following ate defined in the passage EXCEPT

a.parasites

b.invertebrates

c.nutrients

d.vertebrates

10.The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a.how the immune system in vertebrates fights off foreign cells

b.different types of bacteria and lung

c.how vertebrates and invertebrates difffer

d.examples of different groups of organisms


Thank for reading TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA in my blog.
reference:
BANK SOAL DAN STRATEGI TOEFL
trik jitu mengerjakan soal toefl 2 dan pembahasannya





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