TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 ,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

        Georgia O'Keefe was born in Sun Prairle,Wisconsin,in 1887.She studied art in Chicago and New York from 1904 to 1908.Beginning as an advertising illustrator,she supported herself until 1918 by teaching in various schools and colleges in Texas.After that date,she devoted herselt entirely to painting.Her paintings were first exhibited in 1916 at"291,"an experimental art gallery in New York City owned by Alfred Steiglitz,which was frequented by some of the most influential artists of the time.O'Keefe married Steiglitz in 1924.          O'Keefe's early paintings were mostly abstract designs.In the 1920s she produced depictions flowers and precise cityscape of New York City.Whether painting flowers or buildings,she captured their beauty by intuitively magninifying their shapes and simplifying their details.          O'Keefe's style changed dramatically in 1929 durig a visit to Ney Mexico.She was enchanted by the stark but beautiful landscapes under

      About 8000 people looked over the horseless carrriages on  November 3,1900,the opening day of the new York Auto Show,and the first opportunity for the automobile industry to show off its ware to sizeable audience.          By happenstance,the number of people at the show equalled the entire car population at that time,At that time,10 million bicycles and an unknown number of horse-and-buggies provided the prime means of transportation.Only about 4000 cars were assembled in the United States in 1900,and only a quarter of those were gasoline powerred.(The rest ran on steam or electricity)          After viewing the cars made by 32 carmakers,the show's audience favored electric cars because they were quiet.The risk of a boiler explosion turned people away from steamer ,and the gasoline powered cars produced smelly fumes.The Duryea Motor Wagon Company,which launched The American auto industry in 1892,offered an additive designed to mask the smell of the naphtha that burned.     

         Human have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture.Marring our gardens is one -third the milder effects of weeds-any plants that thrive where they are unwanted.They clog waterways,destroy wildlife habitats,and impede farming.Their spread eliminates grazing arcas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss.They compete for sunlight.,nutrient,and water with useful plants.          The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry.Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necesarry,but some pose serious problems,particularly if  misused.Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater,and drinking water.They also harm workers who apply them.          In recent years,the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound.Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems.Hence,scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powe

           In addition to these various types of deep mining,several types of surface mining may be used when minerals lie relatively close to the surface of the Earth.One type is open pit mining.The first step is to remove the overburden,thethe layers of rock and earth lying above the ore,with giant acrapers.The ore is broken up in a series of blasting operations.Power shovels pick up the pieces and load them into trucks or,in some cases,ore trains.These carry it up ramps to ground level.Soft ores are removed by drilling screws,called augers.          Another type is called"placer" ining,sometimes heavy metals,such as gold,are found in soil deposited by screams and rivers.The soil is picked up by a power shovel and transferred to a long trough.Water is run through the soil in the trough.This carries soil particles away with with it.The metal particles are heavier than the soil and sink to the bottom where they can be recovered.          The finishing off process of mining i

         In 1881 ,a new type of weed begin spreading across the northern Great Plains.Unlike other weeds,the tumble weed did not spend its life rooted to the soil,instead,it tumbled and rolled across fields in the wind.The weed had sharp,spiny leaves that could lacerate the flesh of ranchers and horses alike.It exploited the vast area of the plains,thriving in regions too barren to support other plants.With its ability to generate and disseminate numerous seeds quickly,it soon became the scourge of the prairies.          To present day Americans,the tumbleweed symbolizes the Old West.They read the Zane Grey novels in which rumbleweeds drift across stark western landscapes and and see classic western movie in which tumbleweeds share scenes with cowboys and covered wagons.Yet just over a century ago,the tumbleweed was a newcomer.The first sign of the invasion occurred in North and South Dakota in the late 1870s.          Farmers had noticed the sudden appearance of the new,unusual weed.a