TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 ,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

             Asprin's origins go back at least as early as 1758.In that year,Englishman Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree.To Stone,this particular bark seemed to have much in the common with"Peruvian Bark,"which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to bring down fevers and to treat malaria.Stone decided to testthe effectiveness of the willow bark.He obtained some,pulverized it into tiny pieces and conducted experiments on its properties.His tests demonstrated that this pulverized willow bark was effective both in reducing high temperatures and in relieving aches and pains.In 1763,Stone presented his findings to the British Royal Society.               Several decades later,further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark were being conducted by two Italian scientists.These chemists,Brugnatelli and Fontana,determined that the active chemical salicin,which is the active ingredient of today's aspirin.        

1. Fred works as a cook.........he isn't interested in food. a.although b.if c.until d.before Kedua klausa memiliki dua kata kerja yang saling berlawanan(contrast) maka dapat diketahui bahwa klausa ini memiliki hubungan perlawanan. Jadi,subordinate conjunction yang tepat adalah although . 2.Since the end of the last century...........technology started to make a full impact,debates have sprung up among people worldwide. a.althought b.if c.until d.when Keterangan since the end of the last century menunjukkan bahwa kedua klausa memiliki hubungan waktu .Jadi,subordinat conjunction yang menunjukkan hubungan waktu adalah when . 3.We can travel from one place to another by plane only in few hours,.............it would take our ancestors several months or even years in the ancient time. a.if b.until c. while d.because Dari dua klausa ini terdapat informasi yang saling berlawanan yaitu only in few hours dan several months or years .Jadi,subordinat conjunction untuk kla

          After inventing dynamite ,Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man.However,he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late.Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite,so in 1895,just two weeks before his death,he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind.Originally there were five awards:literature,hysics,chemistry,medicine,and peace.Economics was added in 1968,just sixty-sevenyears after the first awars ceremony.          Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested,and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which very from $30.000 to $ 125.000. Every year on December 10,the anniversary of Nobel's death,the awards(gold medal,illuminated diploma,and money)are presented to the winners.Simetimes politics plays an important role in the judges' decisions.Americans have won numerous science awards,but relatively few literature prizes.          No

        The ancient Egyptians firmly believed in the afterlife and spent their time on earth preparing for it.Elaborate burial rituals included preparing the burial site,providing for all of the deceased's material needs(food,clothing,jewels,and tools of their trade),and preserving the corpse so that it would not decay.This preservation was accomplished through a process of mummification.The ancients left no written accounts as to the execution of this process,so scientists have had to exammine mummies and  establish their own theories.The embalming process might have taken up to seventy days for the pharaohs and nobility and only a few dayss for the poor.          The embalmers spread a variety of compounds of salt,spices,and resins in and over the corpse to preserve it.They followed this with a prescribrd wrapping,a procedure in which they would strips of fine linen around,over,and under the body while placing various amulets within the wrappings to protect the deceased from har

         The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat,It has at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the died as well, especially cancer of the colon.People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume.          That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites(commonly used to preserve color in meats)as well as other food additives caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of prrocessed food are helpful or harmful.          The additives that we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin t

                Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of hight-priority packages.The first company of its type,Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred  Smith in 1971,when he was only 28 years old.Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was when he was a student at Yale University.The term paper reputedly received a less-than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined.The model that  Smith proposed had never been tried;it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time was very difficult to institute.               Smith acchieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that was separate from the passenger system and could,therefore,focus on  how to deliver packages most efficiently.His strategy was to own his own planes so  that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the hub city

              Whereas literature in the first half of the eightteenth century in America had been largely religious and moral in tone,by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time,which in turn served to further influence the population.Although not all writers of this period supported the  revolution,the two best-known and most influential writers,Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine,were both strongly supportive of that cause.               Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brother's newspaper,the New-England Courant..In these articles he used a simple style of language aand commonsense argumentation to defand the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man.He continued with the same commonsense practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758.Firmly established in his popular a

(M): Is this table on the corner okey? (W):Sure,We can sit here. (M):Gee.You paused to get anything on your tray. (W):Yeah.I guess I'm just not that hungry. (M):What's the matter?Aren't you feeling well? (W):Well,I've been really worried.It's my car.It's in the shop,again! (M):Really?What's wrong this time? (W):I don't know exactly.Something's wrong with the brakes,I          think. (M):Well,at least that shouldn't cost you much to fix.        Parts are cheaper for all the American cars like yours.Did the         mechanic say how much it would cost? (W):He said he'd call me with an estimate later on today. (M):Watch out he doesn't try to take advantage of you. (M):What do you mean? (M):Well,some car mechanics,if they think that someone doesn't          know much about cars,they might try to overcharge that         person (W):Maybe so.But I trust this guy.He was recommended by one of          my neighbors.He has

  1. The vacuum tube did an important contribution  to the early growth of radio and           a                                      b                    c                                                                              d television.                (made) 2. St.Augustine ,Florida, founded in 1565 by Pedro Menendez,was razing 21 years later by                                                             a                              b                                                           c                              d Francis Drake.                                                                                                (razed) 3.A bimetallic thermometer relies the different rates of expansion of two types of                     a                                        b(relies on)                c metal, usually brass and copper.                       d 4.An ice crystal is the nuclei on which hailstone is built.                            a