TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA (READING 15)

                          People in the United States in the nineteenth century 
             haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in he 
             nation's economy would bring social chaos in the years 
             following 1820,after several decades of relative stability,the
 line      economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid
(5)        growth thhat continued to the end of the nineteenth century.
             Accompanying that growth that was a structural change 
             that featured increasing economic diversification and a 
             gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to
             manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.
                  Although the birth rate continued to decline from its 
             high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
             The population roughly doubled every generation during
(10)      the rest of the nineteenth centuries.As the population grew,
             its make up also changed.Massive waves of immigration 
             brought new ethnic groups into the country.Geographic and
             social mobility-downward as well as upward-touched 
             almost everyone.Local studies indicate that nearly three-
             quarters of the population-in the North and south,in the 
             emerging cities of the Northeast,and in the restless rural
(15)      counties of the West-changed their residence each decade
             As a consequence,historian David Donald has written,
             "sicial atomization affected every segment of society,"and
             it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of
             orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."Rapid 
             industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the 
             nineteenth century had special implications for women
(20)      because these tended to magnify social districtions As the
             roles men and women played in society became more 
             rigidly defined,so did the roles they played in the home.
             In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying 
             social change,the houshold lost many of its earlier 
             functions and the home came to serve as a haven of 
             tranquillity and order.As the size of families decreased,the 
(25)      roles of husband and wife became more clearly 
             differentiated than ever before.In the middle class 
             especially,men participated in the productive economy 
             while women ruled the home and served as the custodians
             of civility and culture.The intimacy of marriage that was 
             common in earlier periods was rent,and a gulf that at times
             seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and
             wives.
1.What does the passage mainly discuss ?
     a.The economic development of the United States in the   
         eighteenth century
     b.Ways in which economic development led to social changes in
        the United States
     c. Po[ulation growth in the western United States
     d.The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the 
         United States
Jawab:(B)ways in which economic development led to social changes in the united states
Key word:unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos
Pembahasan:Orang-orang di america Serikat pada abat ke sembilan belas dihantui oleh kemungkinan 
2.The word"prospect"in line 2 is closest in meaning to
     a.regret
     b.possibility
     c.theory
     d.circumstance
Jawab: (B)possibility
Key word:kemungkinan
Pembahasan:prospect=kemungkinan=possibility,regret=menyesal
theory=teori,circumstance=keadaan

3.According to the passage,the economy of the United States between 1820 and 1900 was
    a.expanding
    b.in sharp decline
    c.stagnate
    d.disorganized
Jawab:(A)expanding:
Key word:featured increasing economic difersification
Pembahasan:expanding=berkembang,meningkat=increasing
in sharp decline=dalam pnurunan tajam
stagnate=mandek,disorganized=kacau

4.The word"roughly" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
    a.harshly
    b.surprisingly
    c.slowly
    d.approximately
Jawab:(D)approximately
Key word:kira-kira
Pembahasan:roughly=kira-kira=approximately,harshly=dengan keras,surprisingly=heran,slowly=dengan lambat

5.The word"its"in line 10 refers to
    a.century
    b.population
    c.generation
    d.birth rate
Jawab:(B)population
Key word:As the population grew
Pembahasan:seiring dengan penduduk yang tumbuh,susunan peduduknya juga berubah

6.According to the passage,as the nineteenth century progressed,the people of the United States
    a.emigrated to other countries
    b.often settled in the west
    c.tended to change the place in which they lived
    d.had a higher rate of birth than ever before
Jawab:(C)tended to change the place in which they lived
Key word:changed their residence each decade
Pembahasan:studi local menunjukkan bahwa hampir tiga-perempat dari populasi di utara dan selatan,di kota-kota yang muncul dari timur laut,dan di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan barat-mengubah tempat tinggal mereka tiap dekade

7.Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?
    a.A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas
    b.A society that was undergoing fundamental change
    c.A society that had been gradually changing since the early 
       1700's
    d..A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements
Jawab:(C) society that had been gradually changing since the early
1700's
Key word:social atomization
Pembahasan:David Donald menulis bahwa atomisasi sosial mempengaruhi setiap segmen masyarakat, dan tampak di banyak orang bahwa semua nilai-nilai tertib yang diakui peradaban secara berangsur-angsur terkikis

8.The word"magnify"in line 20 is closest in meaning to
    a.solve
    b.explain
    c.analyze
    d.increase
Jawab:(D)increase
Key word:memperbesar
Pembahasan:magnify=memperbesar=increase,solve=memecahkan
explain=menjelaskan,analyze=menganalisis

9.Which of the following is not mentioned as an example of the social changes occuring in the United States after 1820
    a.Increased social mobility
    b.increased immigration
    c.Significant movement of population
    d.Strong emphasis on traditional social values
Jawab:(D)Strong emphasis on traditional social values
Key word:social mobility,immigration,Significant movement of population
Pembahasan:contoh perubahan sosial yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat setelah tahun 1820 yaitu meningkatkan mobilitas sosial,peningkatan imigrasi dan gerakan populasi yang signifikan

10.The word"distinctions" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
    a.Differences
    b.Classes
    c.Accomplishments
    d.Characteristics
Jawab:(A)Differences
Key word:perbedaan
Pembahasan:distinctions=perbedaan=differences,classes=kelas
Accomplishments=prestasi,characteristics=ciri 

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reference:
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