Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely religious and moral in tone,by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time,which in turn served to further influence the population.Although not all writers,Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine,were both strongly supportive of the cause.
Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writtings in his brother's newspaper,the Mew-England Courant.In these articles he used a simple style of language and commonsense argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man.He continued with the same commonsense practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor Richard;s Almanac from 1733 until 1758.Firmly establised in his popular acceptance by the people.Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets about the colonists' revolutionary cause against Enghland.
Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the time of the Revolution.His pamphlet Common Sense,which appeared in 1776,was a force in encouraging the colonists to declare their indepencence from England.Then throughout the long and desperate war years he published a series of Crisis papers(from 1776 until 1783)to encourage the colonists to continue on with the struggle.The effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emetional yet oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle of good and evil.
22.The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discussws
a.how litarature influences the population
b.religious and moral literature
c.literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
d.what made Thomas Paine's literature successful
23.The word"fervor'in line 2 is closest in meaning to
a.war
b.avxiety
c.aoirit
d.action
24.The word"time"in line 3 could best be replaced by
a.hour
b.period
c.appointment
d.duration
25.It is implied in the passage that
a.some writtees in the American colonies supported England during the Revolution
b.Franklin and Paine were the only writer to influence the Revolution
c.Because Thomas Paine was an Englishman,he supported England againt the colonies
d.authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the Revolution
26.The pronoun"he"in line 8 refers to
a.Thomas Paine
b.Ben Franklin
c.Ben Franklin's brother
d.Poor Richard
27.According to the passage,the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is
a.pragmatic
b.erudite
c.theoretical
d.scholarly
28.The word'desperate"in line 16 could best be replaced by
a.unending
b.hopeless
c.strategic
d.combative
29.Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of writing?
a.Lines 4-6
b.Lines 8-9
c.Lines 14-15
d.Lines 18-20
30.The purpose of the passage is to
a.discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteenth century
b.give biographical date on two American writers
c.explain which authors supported the Revolution
d.describe the literary influence during revolutionary America.
READING
Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packages.The first company of its type,Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971,when he was only 28 years old.Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an econmics class when he was a student at Yale University.The term paper reputedly received a less-than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined.The model Smith proposed had never been tried;it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time was very difficult to institute.
Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that was separate from the passenger system and could,therefore,focus on how to deliver packages most efficiently.His strategy was to own his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the hub city of Memphis,a set-up which resembles the spokes on the wheel of a bicycle.With this combination of his own planes and hub set-up,he could get packages anywhere in the United States overnight.
What made Smith's idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be create before the company could begin operations.He needed a fleet of aircraft to collect packages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis,where they were immediately sorted and flown out to their new destinations;he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports ;he needed facilities and trained staff all in place to handle the operation.Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father,and he managed to raise an additional $91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the company operating.
When Federal Express began service in 1973 in 25 cities,the company was not an immediate success,but sucess did come within a relatively short period of time.The company lost $29 million in the first 26 months of operations.However,the tide was to turn relatively quickly.By late 1976.Federal Express was carrying an average of 19,000 packages per night and had made a profit of $ 3,6 million.
31.The most appropriate title for this passage is
a.The Problems and Frustrations of a Business Student
b.The Importance of Business Studies
c.The Capitalization ofFederal Express
d.The Implementation of a Successful Business
32.The word"developed"in line 3 could best be replaced by
a.come up with
b.come about
c.come across
d.come into
33.What is stated in the passage about Smith's term paper?
a.Smith submitted it through a delivery service.
b.It was written by a student of Smith's.
c.Its grade was mediocre.
d.The professor thought it had great potential.
34.What was a key idea of Smith's?
a.That he should focus on passeger service
b.That package delivery should be separate from passenger service
c.That packages could be delivered on other companies's planes
d.That passenger service service had to be efficient
35.A"hub city"in line 11 is
a.a large city with small cities as destinations
b. a city that is the final destinatio for many routes
c.a city where many bicycle routes begin
d.a centralized city with destinations emanating from it
36.It can be inferred from the passage that Smith selected Memphis as his hub city because it
a.was near the middle of the country
b.had a large number of passenger aircraft
c.already had a large package delivery service
d.was a favorite passenger airport
37.The pronoun "they"in line 16 refers to
a.aircraft
b.package
c.airport
d.destinations
38.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that,in order to set up his company,Smith needed
a.airplanes
b.trucks
c.personnel
d.faculty
39.How long did it take Federal Express to become profitable?
a.Two months
b.One year
c.Three years
d.Six years
40. Which paragraph explains what made Smith's model effective?
a.The first paragraph
b.The second paragraph
c.The third paragraph
d.The last paragraph
41.The tone of the passage in describing Smith's accomplishments is
a.unflattering
b.sincere
c.unconvincing
d.snobbish
.png "TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA")
.png)
.png)
.png)
Comments
Post a Comment
soal soal toefl dan pembahasannya 2