Mesa verde is the center of the prehistoric Anasazi cuture,it is located in the plateau lands near four Comers,where Colorado,Utah,New Mecixo,and Arrizona come togethehe climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons,where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops.Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn,beans,squash,tobacco,and cotton.The anasazi domesticated the wild turkey and hunted deer,rabbits,and muntain sheep. For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde.Although the Anasazi are not relates to the Navajos no one knows what these Indians called themselves and so they are commonly reffered to by their Navajo name,Anasazi,which means "ancient ones"in the Navajo language.
Around 550 AD,early Anasazi-then a nomadie people archacologists call the Basketmakers-began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops.In the next 300 years,the Anasazi made9 rapid technological advancements,including the refine9ment of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving.This phase of development is reffered to as the Early pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period(1100-1300 aAD) the Anasazi population swellrd to more than 5000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being.The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledg9es99 on the steep canyon walls,creating two and threestory dwellings.They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar.There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to rich the first roof .All the villages had underground chambers called kivas.Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings.Winding paths ladders9 and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the villages stood.The largest settlement contained 217 rooms.One might surmise that these dwellings were buildt for protection but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time.By 1300.Mesa Verde was deserted it is conjectured that the Anasazi abandoned their settlements because of drought.overpopulation,crop failure,or some combination of these.They probably moved south-years later .Their descendants still live in the Southwest.9
1.The passage does NOT mention that the Anasazi hunted
a.sheep
b.turkeys
c.deer
d.rabbits
2.The name that the Anasazi used for themselves
a.means"Basketmakers"in the Navajo language.
b.is unknown today
c.was given to them by archaelogists
d.means"ancient ones"in the Anasazi language
3.How long did the Easy Pueblo Culture last?
a.200 years
b.300 years
c.550 years
d.1000 years
4.Where did the Anasazi move during the Great Pueblo Period?
a.to settlements on ledges of cenyon walls
b.to pueblos in the mesas
d.onto the floors of the canyons
5.According to the passage,the Anasazi building were made primarily of
a.mud
b.blocks of wood
c.sandstone
d.the skins of animals
6.According to the passage,kivas were used for all the following purposes EXCEPT
a.clan meetings
b.food preparation
c.religious ceremonics
d.tribal councils
7.According to the passage,the LEAST likely reason that the Anasazi abandoned Mesa Verde was
a.drught
b.overpopulation
c.war
d.crop failure
8.Where in the passage does the author mention specific accomplishments 9of99 the Basketmakers?
a.Lines 5-6
b.Lines 11-13
c.Lines 15-16
d.Lines 18-20
reference
toefl succes(peterson's)
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