TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL(STRUCTURE,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN READING)DAN JAWABANNYA

By YULI ROSA RITA -
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         STRUCTURE TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA 1.In the late 1880s,Hull House......United States first welfare state. a.to become the b.became the c.becoming one of the d.it became the 2..............with the largest alphabet is Cambodian,with 74 letters. a.In the language b.The language is c.The language d.About the language 3...........given to the various types of microscopic plants and animals found in water. a.Named plankton b.The name of plankton c.Plankton's name d.Plankton is the name 4.Charles Babbage(1792-1871)drew up the first plans for a programmable digital computer in 1834,but.........was never completed. a.his invention b.he invented c.to invent him d.for him to invent 5............,one of the oldest forms of written communication,was used as early as 3000 B.C. a.Cuneiform writing b.In cuneiform writing c.Cuneiform writing d.When cuneiform writing 6.A a protection device,an octopus ejects black or purple ink to cloud ...
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TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL(READING)

By YULI ROSA RITA -

         A pioneering set of experiments has been important in the revolution in our understanding of animal behavior-a revolution that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only humans have minds.These experiments were designed to detect consciousness-that is,signs of self-awareness or self-recognition-in animals other than humans.

        The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.This may be one reason that many researchers have shied away from the notion of mind and consciousness in nonhuman animals.In the late1960's,however,,psychologist Gordon Gallup devised a test of the sense of self:the mirror test.If an animal were able to recognize its reflection in a mirror as"self,"then it could be said to prossess an awareness of self,or consciousness.It is known that a cat or a dog reacts to its own image in mirror,but often it treats it as that of another individual whose behavior very soon becomes puzzling and boring.

        The experiment called for fanuliarizing the animal with the mirror and then marking the animal's forehead with a red spot.If the animal saw the reflection as just another individual,it might wonder about the curious red spot and might even touch the mirror.But if the animal realized that the reflection was of itself,it would probably touch the spot on its own body.The first time Gallup tried the experiment with a chimpanzee,the animal acted as if it knew that the reflection was its own,it touched the red spot on its forehead.Gallup' report of the experiment,published in a.1970 article,was a milestone in our understanding of animal minds and psychologists wondered how widespread self-recognition would prove to be.


1.The word"dogma"in line 2 is closest in meaning to

a.evaluation

b.proof

c.intention

d.belief

2.The word"detect"in line 3 is closest in meaning to

a.imitate the behavior of

b.provide a reason for

c.discover the presence of

d.report a need for

3.Which of the following statements best describes the behaviorist position with regard to consciousness in nonhuman animals?

a.Most nonhuman animals show signs of self-consciousness.

b.Most monhuman animals can be taught self-consciousness.

c.Chimpanzees are the only nonhuman animals that have a human level of self-consciousness.

d.Nonhuman animals do not possess self-consciousness.

4.The author suggests that researchers before 1960 probably avoided studying nonhuman animal consciousness because they

a.did not wish to experiment with live animal subjects

b.were discouraged by earlier unsuccessful experiments that studied human consciousness

c.had not yet devised adequate research methods for animal consciousness experiments

d.lacked the necessary laboratory equipment

5.The phrase"shied away from"in line 7 is closest in meaning to

a.approached

b.avoided

c.respected

d.allowed

6.What does the author mean when stating in line 14 that"The experiment called for familiarizing the animal with the mirror?

a.The experiment required the use of a chimpanzee that had not participated in previous mirror tests.

b.Gallup had to allow the chimpanzee to become accustomed to the mirror before he began the experiment.

c.Gallup had to teach the chimpanzee to recognize its reflection in the mirror

d.The chimpanzee had to first watch the experiment being conducted with another chimpanzee

7.The word"it"in line 16 refers to

a.red spot

b.animal

c.reflection

d.another individual

8.The chimpanzee in Gallup's first experiment responded to the mirror test by touching

a.its own forehead

b.the researcher's forehead

c.the red spot on the mirror

d.the red spot on another chimpanzee

9.The word"milestone"in line 21 is closest in meaning to

a.significant development

b.initial step

c.universal concept

d.obstruction to progress


Thank for reading TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA in my blog.
reference:
BANK SOAL DAN STRATEGI TOEFL
TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA



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