TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA
TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL(READING)
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The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow,dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement,the brain.Even in its most primitive form this cord and its attached verves are the result of evolutionary specialization,abd their further evolution from lower to higher vertebrate classes is a process that is far from fully understood.Nevertheless,the basic arrangements are similar in all vertebrates,and the study of lower animals.Moreover,for any species,the study of the embryological development of the nervous system is indispensable for an understanding of adult morphology.
In any vertebrate two chief parts of the nervous system may be distinguished.These are the central nervous system(the nerve cord mentions above),consisting of the brain and spinal cord,and the peripheral nervous system,consisting of the cranial,spinal,and peripheral nerves,together with their motor and sensory endings,The term"automatic nervous system"refers to the parts of the central and peripheral systems that supply and regulate the activity of cardiac muscle,smooth muscle,and many glands.
The nervous system is composed of many millions of nerve and glial cells,together with blood vessels and a small amount of connective tissue.The nerve cells,or"neurons",are characterized by many processes and are specialized in that they exhibit to a great degree the phenoomena of irritability and conductivity.The glial cells of the central nervous system are supporting cells collectively termed"neuroglia".They are characterized by short processes that have special relationships to neurons,blood vessels,and connective tissue.The comparable cells in the peripheral nervous system are termed"neurilemmal"cells.
1What does the passage mainly discuss?
a.The parts of a neuron
b.The structure of animals' nerve
c.The nervous system of vertebrates
d.The development of the brain
2.According to the passage,the nerve cord of vertebrates s
a.lare
b.hollow
c.primitive
d.embryological
3.The author implies that a careful investigation of a biological structure in an embtyo may
a.Improved research of the same structure in other species
b.A better understanding of the fully developed structure
c.Discovering ways in which poor development can be corrected
d.A method by which scientists can document the various stages f development
4.The two main parts of the central nervous system are the brain and the
a.sensory endings
b.cranial nerve
c.spinal cord
d.peripheral nerves
5.All of the following are described as being controlled by the authonomic nervous system EXCEPT
a.connective tissue
b.cardiac muscle
c.glandular activity
d.smooth muscle
6.In what lines does the author identify certain characteristic of nerve cells?
line 1-2
b.line 9-12
c.line 12-14
d.line 18-20
reference
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soal soal toefl dan pembahasannya 2