The human brain,with an average weight of 1,4 kilograms,is the control center of the body.It receives information from the senses,processes the information,and rapidly sends out responses,it also stores the information that is the source of human thoughts and feeling.Each of the three main parts of the brain-the cerebrum,the cerebellum,and the brain stem-has its own role in carrying out these functions. The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts,taking up 85 percent of the brain by weight.The outside layer of the cerebrum,the cerebral cortex,is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath.The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex,which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body;the motor cortex,which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles;and the association cortex,which receives,monitors,and processes information.It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place.
The cerebellun,located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull,is made of masses of bunched up nerve cells,It is the cerebellum that controls human balance,coordination,and posture.
The brain stem,which connects the cerebrum and the spinal cord,controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeatIt is the majaor motor and sensory pathway connecting the body and the cerebrum.
1.What is the author's main purpose?
a..To describe the functions of the parts of the brain
b.To explain how the brain processes information
c.To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain
d.To give examples of human body functions
2.The word"stores"in line 3 is closest in meaning to
a.shop
b.processes
c.releases
d.stockpiles
3.The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the
a.cerebrum
b.cerebellum
c.cerebral cortex
d.brain stem
4.The"cerebral cortex"in line is
a.a layer of the brain beneath the cerebrum
b.a layer of nerve cells in the brain
c.a part of the brain that makes up 85 percent of the brain
d.a ridged layer covering the cerebrum in the brain
5.The sensory cortex
a.senses that messages should be sent out to the muscles
b.provides a surface covering for nerve cells
c.is where the human process of thinking occurs
d.receives and processes information from the senses
6.The word"monitors"in line 11 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a.Keeps track of
b.Keeps hold of
c.Gets away with
d.Gets rid of
7.Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?
a.It is located above the cerebrum.
b.It controls breathing.
c.It is responsible for balance.
d.It is the outside layer of the cerebrum.
8.What shape does the brain stem most likely have?
a.Small and round
b.Long and thin
c.Large and formless
d.Short and flat
9.Which of the following could best be used in place of"pathway"in line 16.
a.Driveway
b.Roadway
c.Route
d.Street
reference:
LONGMAN PREPARATION COURSE FOR THE TOEFL TEST
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