A number of nonmetric measurements in common use may at first glance seem to lack the logic and clarity of the metric system,with its measurements all neatly based on tens and multiples of tens.However,these nonmetric measurements developed over time from habitual use of commonplace items to make simple measurements.They might not seem like simple measurements today,but such is their history.
The measurements foot and yard developed based on average lengths of body parts.As can be inferred from the name,the Romans used the term foot to describe the length of a man's foot,from the base of the heel to the tip of the big toe.Though not exactly an accurate measurements,due the varying lengths of men's feet,a foot was a measurement that was easy to conceptualize and visualize by most people.The term yard was used extensively by the English as the measurement from the tip of a man's nose to the tip of his outstretched thumb.English King Edward I redefined a yard as equivalent to three feet in 1305,and it still has this meaning today.
To describe longer distances,the Romans also inveted the use of the term mile.The word mile comes from the Latin word mille,which means one thousand.A mile was meant to conform to a distance of one thousand paces,each pace consisting of two steps or approximately five thousand feet.
On the Ocean,speed is measured in knots,with one knot roughly equivalent to one nautical mile per hour.This measurement of speed comes from the days when sailors used a knotted rope to determine their speed while at sea.A rope was knotted at regular intervals and tossed overboard.The rope was let out as sand flowed through an hourglass.When the sand had passed through the hourglass,the speed of the boat was determined by counting the number of knots that had been let out.
1.The main idea of the passage is that nonmetric meassurements
a.are,in reality,quite illogical
b.lack the clarity of metric measurements
c.are actually based on simple concepts
d.developed from Roman measurements
2.What is stated about the tem foot as used by the Romans?
a.It had nothing to do with the body part of the same name.
b.It was not a standard measurement.
c.It was equal in length to two footspets.
d.It was not very easy for people to understand.
3.The word"visualize"in line 9 is closest in meaning to
a.picture mentally
b.describe exatly
c.sletch roughly
d.measure precisely
4.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that thetern yard
a.was originally used to describe a measurement based on body parts
.changed in definition in the 14th century
c.is now equal to three feet
d.was in use prior to the term foot
5.The word"extensively"in line 10 could best be replaced by
a.lengthily
b.precisely
c.widely
d.occasionally
6.What is NOT true,according to the passaage?
a.The English word mile is derived from a Latin word.
b.The Latin word mille has the same meanings as the English word mile.
c.A distance of a mile is approximately 2000 steps.
d.A distance of a mile is roughly equivalent to 5000 feet.
7.What is a"knot"in line 16?
a.A measure of distance
b.A measure of force
c.A measure of time
d.A measure of speed
8.It is implied in the passage that
a.a measurement in knots requires information on both distance and time
b.a knot can be used to make measurements on land
c. a knotted rope could be used to measure knots without an hourglass
d.the term knot has come to be used only recently
9.Which paragraph discusses examples of measurements based on parts of the body?
a.The first paragraph
b.The second paragraph
c.The third paragraph
d.The last paragraph
reference:
LONGMAN PREPARATION COURSE FOR THE TOEFL TEST
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