Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry.It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass.Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amoung of refrigerated space,since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle.It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better movement and prevention of microbial contamination,thus adding to the volume air requirements for carcass chillers. Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning..Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated
with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.
Early excision,or hot boning,of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging several potential advantages.By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor,refrigeration space and costs are minimized,boning labor is decresed
and storage yields increased.Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat,
a more recent approach,hot boning following electrical stimulation,has been used to reduce the necessary tim of rigor mortis.
Some researches have found this method benefical in maintaining tender meat,while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stinulation.
1.Which of the following was not mentioned as a drawback of the conventional methods of boning?a.storsge space requirements
b.energy waste
c.loss of carcass weight
d.toughness of meat
2.Hot boning is become very popular because.........
a.it cause meat to be very tender.
b.it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods.
c.meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat.
d.it reduces the weight of the carcass.
3.Carcass chiller means most nearly......
a.a refrigerator for the animal body
b.a method of boning meat
c.electrical stimulation of beef
d.early excision
4.Early excision means most nearly........
a.vacuum packaging
b.hot boning
c.carcass chilling
d.electrical stimulation
5.The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by........
a.following hot boning with electrical stimulation
b.tenderizing the meat
c.using electrical stimulation before hot boning
d.removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor
6.In line 17,"early excision"is closest in meaning to........
a.vacuum packaging
b.hot boning
c.carcass chilling
d.electrical stimulation
7.The word"bovine"in line 5 is nearest in meaning to........
a.cold
b.electrically stimulated
c.beef
d.pork
8.The word"this" in line 25 refers to......
a.hot boning
b.hot boning following electrical stimulation
c.rigor mortis
d.removing edible muscle and fat prerigor
9.In line 5,the word"carcass"is closest in meaning to........
a.deboned meat
b.body
c.refrigerator
d.fat
10.The word"considerable"in line 6 is closest in meaning to.......
a.frigit
b.kind
c.lesser
d.substantial
11.One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that.....
a.it makes the meat more tender
b.the bones are able to be used for other purposes
c.it increases chilling time
d.it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded
12.Thee word "trimmable"in line 7 is nearest in meaning to.....
a.unsaturated
b.removable
c.unhealthy
d.chillable
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reference:cliffs TOEFL PREPARATION GUIDE
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