TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 ,WRITTEN EXPRESSION DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

                            The history of clinical nutrition ,or the study of the                relationship between health and how the body takes in and               utilizes food substances,can be divided into four distinct  line        eras:the first began in the nineteenth century and extended                into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for               the first time that food contained constituents that were                essential for human function and that different foods                provided different amounts of these essential agents.Near                the end of this era,research studues demonstrated that rapid (10)       weight loss was assosiated with nitrogen imbalance and                could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary                protein associated with certain foods.                       The second era was initiated in the early decades of                the twentieth century and might be called

                                  Fungsi ,of which there are over 100,000 species,              including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well               as the common molds and mushrooms,were formerly line       classified as members of the plat kingdom.However,in   (5)        reality they are very different from plants and today they                are placed in a separate group altogether.The principal                reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll,               and sice they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates,               they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of  (10)       dead organic matter or from other living organisms.               Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of                cellulose,as those of plants are,but of another complex               sugarlike polymer called chitin,the material from which                the hard outer skeletons of shrimps,spiders,and insects ar

                              When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the                Earth in 1864,there were many conflicting theories about                the nature of the Earth's interior.Some geologists thought                that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent  line        gas while others suspected that it consisted of separate  (5)          shells,each made of a different material.Today,well over a                century later,there is still little direct evidence of what lies                beneath our feet.Most of our knowledge of the Earth's                interior comes not from mines or boreholes,but from the                study of seismic waves-powerful pulses of energy released               by earthquakes.                     The way that seismic waves travel shows that the                Earth's interior is far from uniform.The continents and the (10)       seabed are formed by the crust -a thin sphere rela

                  A folk culture is small,isolated,cohesive,conservative,              nearly,self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom               and race,with a strong family or clan structure and highly              developed rituals.Order is maintained through sanctions               based in the religion or family,and interpersonal    line      relationships are strong.Tradition is paramount,and change (5)        comes infrequently and slowly.There is relatively little               division of labor into specialized duties.Rather,each person               expected to perform a great variety of tasks,tough duties               many differ between te sexes.Most goods are handmade,              and a subsistence economy prevails.Individualism is               weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes              Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized  (10)      countries such as the United states and Canada.Perhaps the 

               Napoleon Bonaparte's ambition to control all the area around the Mediterranean Sea led him and his French soldiers to Egypt.After losing a naval battle,they were forced to remain there for three years.In 1799,while constructing a fort,a soldier discovered a piece of stele(a stone,pillar bearing an inscription)known as the Rosetta stone,in commemoration of the town near the fort.This famour stone,which would eventually lead to the deciphering of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics   dating to 3100 B.C.,was written in three languages,hieroglyphics(picture b demotic        writing),demotic(a shorthand version of Egyptian hieroglyphics),and Greek.Scientists discovered that the characters,unlike those in English,could be written from right to left and in other directions as well.The direction in which they were read  dependent on how the characters were arranged.Living elements(animals,people,and body parts)were often the first symbols,and the  direction that they faced indic

             Thunderstorms ,with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder,are actually one of nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of earth begin to rice.The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier.The rising pockets cool as their pressure decreases,and their latent heat is released above the condensation line through the formation of cumulus clouds.               What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere.In winter,the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great,and the temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly.During these colder months,the atmosphere,therefore,tends to remain rather stable.In summer,however,when there is a high accumulation of heat near the earth's surface,in direct contrast

             The organitation that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America,but under quite a different name.Italian America A.P Giannini established this bank on october 17,1904,in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name Bank of Italy,with imigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first cstomers.During its development,Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of natural disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.               One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April 18,1906,when a massive earthquake struck San Francisco,followed by a raging fire that destroyed by much of the city.Giannini obtained two wagons  and teams of horses,filled the wagons with the bank's reserves,mostly in the form of gold,covered the reserves with  crates of oranges,and escaped from the chaos of the city  with his clients' funds p